Document

Adrenal Cancer (Adrenocortical Carcinoma)

Adrenal cancer, also known as adrenocortical carcinoma, is a rare cancer that originates in the outer layer (cortex) of the adrenal gland located above each kidney. It is often discovered incidentally during imaging tests for other conditions.


Overview and Symptoms


Overview and Symptoms

Adrenal cancer can develop in one or both adrenal glands and may affect adults of any age, most commonly those in their 40s and 50s.

Common symptoms include:

  • Unexplained weight gain or loss
  • Muscle weakness and fatigue
  • Pink or purple stretch marks on the skin
  • Hormonal changes in women (excess facial hair, hair loss on the head, irregular periods)
  • Hormonal changes in men (breast enlargement, shrinking testicles)
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Abdominal bloating or pain
  • Back pain
  • Fever and loss of appetite

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine hormone tests, along with imaging studies such as CT, MRI, or PET scans to identify the tumor and evaluate its spread.

Treatment

Surgery

Surgical removal of the affected adrenal gland (adrenalectomy) is the primary treatment. If the cancer has spread to nearby organs such as the liver or kidney, affected portions may also be removed.

Medication

Post-surgery medications are often prescribed to lower the risk of recurrence and manage hormone levels.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy may be given after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells and can also relieve symptoms from cancer that has spread to other organs such as bone.

Chemotherapy

For adrenal cancers that cannot be surgically removed or that recur, chemotherapy helps slow tumor progression and control symptoms.