An aortic aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge caused by weakness in the wall of the aorta—the body’s main artery from the heart through the chest and abdomen. Without treatment, aneurysms may enlarge and rupture. An aortic dissection is a life-threatening tear in the inner wall of the aorta that lets blood track between the layers of the vessel wall.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): Often silent until large. Possible symptoms:
When an AAA ruptures, symptoms may include sudden severe lower abdominal/back pain, clammy skin, light-headedness, rapid pulse, nausea/vomiting, and urinary/bowel issues.
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA): May be asymptomatic until large, ruptured, or dissected. Symptoms can include:
Aortic Dissection: Sudden, severe, tearing pain (often starting in upper back and moving to chest/abdomen/arms). Type A begins near the heart (more dangerous); Type B in the descending aorta. This is a medical emergency—seek immediate care.
Screening: Selected adults at risk (e.g., men 65–75 with smoking history or anyone with strong family history) benefit from ultrasound/CT screening.
Treatment depends on aneurysm size/location and whether dissection is present. Goals are to prevent rupture, control blood pressure, and repair the aorta when needed.
After repair, regular imaging follow-up is essential to monitor the graft and native aorta.
